Pinwormis a frequent guest in groups of children. It is a medium-sized (up to 1 cm long) resident of the thin and large intestine, leaving the rectum to lay eggs on skin folds, underwear, and bedding. This occurs more often at night, with severe itching of the anus. Pinworm eggs ripen in 4-6 hours and are ready to cause disease, perfectly preserved in the environment. They enter the human body through dust, dirty hands, soft toys, underwear, dishes.
Diagnosis - Scratching of the skin around the anus and examination under a microscope is required at least three times at 3-day intervals.
If pinworm finds eggs, the entire family of those infected should be examined.
Approximately 350 million people worldwide are infected with enterobiasis when one family member is infected, the risk of the disease is very high in every household.
Toxocara - a parasite
Toxocarais a parasite in the digestive system of dogs. In the U. S. and Europe, 80% of puppies and more than 50% of adult dogs have toxocariasis. Human surveys have shown that up to 37% of the population is sensitive to the Toxocara antigen. This means that these people were or are carriers of toxocara.
Toxocara lives up to 30 cm long, living in the body of its permanent owner, a dog. The dog lets toxocar eggs into the sand, the soil where they can survive for several years. Together with the sand, they fall into the hands of children playing in the sandbox and also cling to shoes and clothes. Human entry is a dead end for the parasite because the larvae are mature, spreading through blood vessels and internal organs, but do not stand out.
To establish a diagnosis, stool analysis is not at all informative, biopsy of the organs involved (usually the liver) and immunological tests are required.
The most tragic are the drift of toxocar in the eye (toxocara occurs in 15% of eye removals in the world), as well as changes in the lungs, heart, brain, muscles - fever, cough, enlarged liver, inflammation of the lymph nodes, skin rashes, nervous and mental disorders, convulsions.
Ascaris - parasite
Ascaris- affects up to 100 million people a year. It enters humans through food (usually with raw herbs, vegetables and fruits), raw water, dirty hands, dust, and is actively transported by flies. The roundworm is up to 40 cm long, with a female wormwood excreting up to 200, 000 eggs a day, which get into the soil and are well preserved in it for years. A swallowed nail worm egg becomes a larva in the small intestine and then penetrates the intestinal wall, entering the blood capillaries, liver, brain, eyes, heart, and lungs. During movement, roundworms feed on blood - erythrocytes and nutrients. Anemia (anemia) is a common accompaniment to ascariasis.
Migration of larvae causes allergies in humans, causes pain throughout the body, fever, increased asthma, arthritis, neurodermatitis, eczema, risk of seizures. If blood vessels enter the lungs due to rupture, bleeding and hemoptysis are possible, X-rays - infiltrate like a tuberculosis process.
As the bronchi travel to the pharynx, sputum roundworms enter the mouth and from there into the esophagus, stomach, and intestines. In the intestines, globular worms persist, leaning against the intestinal walls to cause inflammation, infiltration and bleeding. Complications are possible when the roundworm enters the paranasal sinuses, liver, bile duct, pancreas, and kidneys. There are intestinal obstruction and purulent processes in the abdominal cavity. The diagnosis is based on stool tests (at least three times), immunological tests - in the larval period.
Hookworm - a parasite
Hookworm- Walking barefoot, it can enter a person through the skin (leaves no trace) and, like a globular worm, through his mouth. The size of hookworms - up to 1, 5 cm, migrates and harms in the same way as the globular worm. It is characterized by symptoms such as itchy rash on the limbs and more pronounced anemia.
As with most invasions, stool analyzes should be performed at least three times.
Wide band - parasite
Thebroad tapewormis a large long liver,an individual up to 10 meters in length and up to 25 years of human body life.Can you imagine what happens to a person when there are several such large hundred-year-olds inside?
Imagine how the worm twists in the gut, how little space is left in the lumen of the human gut. If the worm "straightened", it would hang half its length! Otherwise, the worm absorbs all the necessary and useful substances over the entire surface of the body.
You can become infected by eating raw, lightly salted fish, crabs and caviar. Symptoms of the presence of tapeworm may include anemia, fatigue, abdominal pain, especially signs such as increased morning salivation, vomiting, nausea, weakness, lethargy, drowsiness. Intestinal obstruction is possible.
For an unprepared person, it is absolutely impressive that the truncated "tail" of the parasite is released from the intestines - a feature of tapeworms that helps establish a diagnosis.
Bovine and porcine tapeworm parasites
Bovine and porcine tapeworms are parasites that enter the human body with raw meat, meat products and fat.
An adult bovine tapeworm is up to 7 meters long, a pig tapeworm is up to 2 meters long, has a lifespan of up to 20 years, and the main danger lies in the migration of larvae that can penetrate even the eyes and brain.
Echinococcus and Alveococcus - parasites
Echinococcus and alveococcus are parasites that humans become infected with when they come in contact with animal carriers, drink contaminated water, and swallow the soil with berries and vegetables.
Larvae from the gut are carried by the bloodstream throughout the body, entering the liver, lungs, kidneys, bones, and brain. The larva transforms into a cyst that grows by pushing and compressing the surrounding tissues. Symptoms depend on the location of the cyst and the degree of compression of the organs.
Cyst rupture is a very serious complication.
Giardia - a parasite
Giardiais the simplest parasitic animal in the flagellate class. Pear-shaped, 10–20 hosszúm long; the posterior side is convex, the ventral side is concave, and forms a suction disc for temporary attachment to host epithelial cells. 2 oval seeds, 4 pairs of flagella. It lives in the human gut (especially in children), especially in the duodenum, less commonly in the bile duct and gallbladder, causing giardiasis. Asymptomatic parasite carriers are common. Infection with cysts occurs when protozoa enter the lower intestine through the mouth, when contaminated food or water enters the body, and on dirty hands, and so on. The incidence is sporadic. Giardiasis is common in all parts of the world.